| 
    Rule of 2-3-4 - Based on Ely Culbertson's 
    preemptive bidding methods, hand evaluation based on the number of 
    anticipated losers in relation to the aggregate vulnerability.  Perhaps 
    preemptive opener is considering a preemptive bid with 7 losers, uncertain 
    of how high to make the preemptive call: 
      
        | Anticipated Winners
 | Vulnerability | Bidding Factor
 | Calculation |  
        | 6 | Favorable (only opponents Vulnerable)
 | 4 | 6+4=10 Bid at 4 level
 |  
        | 6 | Neutral (both Vulnerable or
 Non-Vulnerable)
 | 3 | 6+3=9 Bid at 3 level
 |  
        | 6 | Unfavorable (only opponents
 Non-Vulnerable)
 | 2 | 6+2=8 Bid at 2 level
 |  Also see Environmental Factors |